Cellular and molecular aspects of fat metabolism in the small intestine.
نویسندگان
چکیده
Le r61e knergktique, structural et fonctionnel des acides gras a longue chaine (AGLC) dans l’organisme depend de leur biodisponibilitk intestinale. Les donnkes actuelles tendent a montrer que deux mkcanismes distincts et complkmentaires permettent aux AGLC de traverser la membrane apicale de l’entkrocyte: une diffusion simple et un transport faisant intervenir au moins deux protkines membranaires, la plasma-membrane fatty acid-binding protein (FABPpm) et la fatty acid transporter (FAT). On ignore actuellement quelle est l’importance relative de ces deux mkcanismes et s’il existe une spkcialisation de ces protkines vis a vis des diffkrents AGLC. Ces derniers sont ensuite pris en charge au niveau intracellulaire par les fatty acid-binding proteins cytosoliques (FABPc) . L’entkrocyte a la particularitk d’exprimer deux FABPc differentes, la I-FABPc et la L-FABPc, dont les r6les respectifs restent a klucider. Elles apparaissent cependant dkterminantes pour la constitution d’un pool intracellulaire d’acides gras non esterifiks et la protection contre les effets cytotoxiques des acides gras libres. La L-FABPc pourrait &re kgalement impliquke dans la modulation de l’activitk de certaines enzymes du mktabolisme lipidique et dans le contrBle de la differenciation et de la prolifkration cellulaire. Aprks activation par la long-chain acyl-CoA synthktase (ACS), les AGLC sont soit pris en charge par l’acyl-CoA-binding protein (ACBP), soit directement mktabolisks (estkrification, transformation et oxydation). L’ACBP semble exercer une double fonction h la fois en constituant un pool d’acides gras activks et en assurant leur transport intracellulaire. Les donnks actuelles suggkrent donc que les fonctions des FABPc et ACBP sont coordonnkes et complkmentaires. Durant la pkriode postprandiale, les AGLC sont majoritairement rkestkrifiks en triacylglyckrols (TAG) a la surface du rkticulum endoplasmique lisse par l’intermkdiaire de la voie des 2monoacylglyckrols. La microsomal TAG transfer protein (MTP) assure le passage des TAG nko-synthktisks a l’intkrieur du rkticulum endoplasmique oh associks avec les phospholipides, le cholestkrol estkrifik ou non et les apoprotkines ils constituent les prk-lipoprotkines. La structuration dkfinitive en lipoprotkines (chylomicrons, VLDL et HDL) a lieu au niveau de I’appareil de Golgi avant exportation vers la lymphe. Au niveau de l’entkrocyte, la rkgulation de l’expression des protkines clefs du mktabolisme lipidique est complexe et multiple. Par exemple, il est ktabli que l’induction des apoproteines intestinales par des rkgimes hyperlipidiques est d’origine post-transcriptionelle. En revanche, des travaux rkcents portant sur l’effet d’hypolipemiants
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ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society
دوره 55 1B شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 1996